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Criminal Justice and The Importance of Technology
The Uniform Crime Reporting program formulated the National Incident-Based Reporting System because of the need for more flexible and in-depth data. While the UCR Program only captures limited information about a crime event, NIBRS presents specific details concerning crime incidents such as time, date, location, race of the victim and offender, age, sex, as well as information concerning involvement with weapons or drugs, details of property loss and whether the crime was motivated by bias. The intention of the formulation of the NIBRS is to enhance the quality, quantity and timeliness of crime data to law enforcement, researchers, students of crime, governmental planners, and the general public. (Federal Bureau of Investigations n.d.)
Under the UCR, agencies are only reporting the number of incidents by offense and using the hierarchy rule (only the most serious crime is reported). The NIBRS looks at a criminal incident-based crime and will provide an individual record for each crime involved. For example, if there was a bank robbery, the UCR would tell us there was a bank robbery only. The NIBRS would report all the crimes that occurred during that bank robbery such as how many victims and who, whether a firearm was used or whether there was a demand note, etc., in other words, looking at the crime and all of its components as an incident. (Foster, R.E. 2005)
Meeting the dynamic needs of the user, the reporting by the NIBRS to the UCR is designed to obtain information on nearly every major crime from terrorism to white collar crime to a drunken driving incident. To meet FBI certification requirements to begin regular submission of NIBRS data, states must for three consecutive months have an error rate of less than 4%; have statistical reasonableness of previously submitted data; meet deadlines, respond to error messages and update records; and be compatible with the national hardware and software. This uniform submission of data to NIBRS allows more comprehensive information than the traditional reporting to UCR, providing better management, training, planning and research. (Foster, R.E. 2005)
Within its jurisdiction, law enforcement is a public service. For the administration of that agency and the status of public safety, a full accounting from the agency’s commission, chief, or director is required. To fulfill this responsibility, full participation in NIBRS will provide statistics for the law enforcement agency. This data is available from all levels of law enforcement-federal, state, and local level and in the manner which best meets the needs of the data user. The benefits of incident-based reporting would be data collection is not restricted to a limited number of offense categories; offense definitions can meet local, state, and national reporting needs; arrests and clearances can be linked to specific incidents, all offenses in an incident can be recorded and counted; additional crime scoring categories can be created; distinctions can be made between attempted and completed crimes; detailed crime analyses can be made across and within jurisdictions; information can be shared easily among regional law enforcement agencies; tactical and strategic crime analyses can be made at the regional and local levels; and detail on individual crime incidents can be collected and analyzed. (NACJD/NIBRS n.d.)
The advantage of NIBRS is its enhanced data quality and more accurate data. The UCR collects data on 25 crimes while NIBRS will collect data on 91 crimes. Also, once a call is dispatched under the summary-based system (UCR), the summary crime statistics were an additional duty to be performed. With NIBRS, dispatching, report writing, and crime reporting are all the same function. Consequently, every time a crime is dispatched, the incident is automatically counted by the incident-based system. (NIBCRS, Section 9 n.d.)
Being capable of verifying critical information in real time on NIBRS will be of significant benefit enhancing both strategic and tactical decision making for both state and local governing bodies, criminal justice agencies and the public. Also can assist law enforcement and the community to identify crime problems within their communities. Based on empirical evidence, crime prevention strategies can then be developed and evaluated. ( Vermont Crime 2001)
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This intel was contributed by D. STEVENS
D. STEVENS
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May, 2012
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